Jon Kotwicki - FLY8MA Online Flight Training

image has a flight instructor and student studying for flight training

FAA Eliminates Expiration Date for CFI Certificates: What You Need to Know

Leave a Comment / Flight Training / By Jon Kotwicki

FAA Eliminates Expiration Date for CFI Certificates: What You Need to Know The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has officially removed expiration dates from Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) certificates, marking a significant regulatory change aimed at reducing administrative burdens and providing greater flexibility for flight instructors. This long-awaited update, which went into effect in early 2024, represents a major shift in how CFIs maintain their qualifications and remain active in flight training. For full details, you can review the official FAA ruling at Regulations.gov. Key Changes in the New Rule Previously, CFI certificates carried a 24-month expiration date, requiring instructors to renew their credentials through an in-person check ride or a Flight Instructor Refresher Course (FIRC). Under the new rule, CFI certificates will no longer expire. Instead, instructors must meet specific recent experience requirements to continue exercising their privileges. Here’s a breakdown of what has changed: 1. No More Expiration Dates The FAA will now issue CFI certificates without an expiration date, aligning them more closely with other pilot certificates. However, CFIs must still demonstrate ongoing activity and competency to remain eligible to instruct. 2. Renewal Becomes “Revalidation” Rather than renewing an expiring certificate, CFIs must now revalidate their privileges every 24 calendar months by meeting one of the approved methods, including: Completing a Flight Instructor Refresher Course (FIRC). Passing a practical test with a designated pilot examiner (DPE). Presenting documentation of having endorsed and successfully signed off at least five students for practical tests within the preceding 24 months, provided at least 80% passed on the first attempt. 3. Grace Period for Lapsed CFIs If a CFI does not meet revalidation requirements, they do not lose their certification. Instead, they will need to complete one of the renewal methods before resuming instruction. This change eliminates the stress of an “expired” certificate and provides a smoother path for instructors returning to active status. Why This Change Matters Logbook Entries Logbook entries will no longer read “Exp #date#” Instead, EXP for the expiration date has been replaced with “recent experience end date” or “REED” for short. Greater Flexibility for CFIs CFIs who take a temporary break from instructing no longer have to worry about retaking check rides or jumping through administrative hoops to reinstate their certificates. Instead, they can meet the revalidation criteria when they choose to return. Encouraging More Instructors to Stay Active By making it easier to maintain a CFI certificate, the FAA hopes to encourage more instructors to remain in the profession, helping address pilot training shortages and ensuring more continuity in aviation education. What CFIs Need to Do While expiration dates are gone, CFIs must remain proactive in meeting the new revalidation requirements. Instructors should: Keep track of their endorsements and student pass rates. Plan ahead for their biennial revalidation by scheduling FIRCs or check rides as needed. Stay informed on any further FAA clarifications or changes regarding this rule. Final Thoughts The FAA’s decision to eliminate expiration dates on CFI certificates is a welcome change that simplifies the renewal process while maintaining high standards for flight instruction. Instructors who remain engaged in training will find it easier than ever to keep their certificates active, ultimately benefiting both flight schools and students. For the full ruling and further details, visit the official FAA publication at Regulations.gov. If you have any questions, feel free to contact our CFIs at 907-268-3100.

Get your Float Rating in Alaska

Leave a Comment / Flight Training / By Jon Kotwicki

How to Earn Your Float Rating in Alaska at the FLY8MA Pilot Lodge Alaska is a dream destination for pilots, and earning your floatplane rating in the Last Frontier offers an unparalleled experience. At the FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, we combine expert training, breathtaking scenery, and a welcoming environment to make your journey to becoming a float-rated pilot both memorable and rewarding. Here’s how you can earn your float rating with us and take your aviation skills to the next level. Why Get a Floatplane Rating in Alaska? Flying in Alaska is unlike anywhere else in the world. With its rugged mountains, countless lakes, and remote wilderness, the state offers unique challenges and rewards for pilots. A floatplane rating allows you to: Explore Untouched Wilderness: Gain the skills to land on lakes and rivers, opening access to some of the most remote areas in Alaska. Enhance Your Flying Skills: Mastering water landings and takeoffs hones your situational awareness and stick-and-rudder skills. Expand Career Opportunities: A floatplane rating is a valuable asset for pilots looking to work in remote operations or adventure tourism. Enjoy the Adventure of a Lifetime: Training in Alaska is as much about the experience as the rating itself, with unforgettable scenery and wildlife encounters. About FLY8MA Pilot Lodge 57AK At FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, we specialize in immersive flight training programs tailored to your goals. Our experienced instructors, top-notch equipment, and scenic location in the heart of Alaska create the perfect environment for earning your floatplane rating. Whether you’re a new pilot or a seasoned aviator, we’ll guide you every step of the way. We offer student housing alongside our 1,900ft private airstrip here in Alaska. Step-by-Step Guide to Earning Your Float Rating 1. Meet the Prerequisites Before beginning your floatplane training, ensure you meet the following requirements: Hold at least a private pilot certificate. Have a current medical certificate. Be proficient in basic flight maneuvers and procedures. 2. Choose Your Training Program At FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, we offer flexible floatplane training courses to suit your schedule. Our programs include: Accelerated Training: Complete your rating in as little as two to three days. Custom Courses: Tailored instruction for pilots with specific goals or time constraints. 3. Master Ground School and Preflight Preparation Your floatplane training begins with understanding the unique aspects of float operations, including: Water Dynamics: Learn how water conditions, wind, and currents affect takeoff and landing. Aircraft Limitations: Understand weight and balance considerations for float-equipped aircraft. Docking and Beaching Procedures: Gain confidence in handling your aircraft on the water and at shore. 4. Hands-On Flight Training The heart of your training will be hands-on flight time in our well-maintained floatplanes. You’ll practice: Glassy water and rough water landings. Step taxiing and water maneuvers. Emergency procedures specific to floatplanes. Navigation in Alaska’s wilderness. 5. Pass Your Checkride Once you’ve mastered the required maneuvers and logged the necessary flight hours, you’ll take a practical test with a designated pilot examiner. This checkride ensures you’re ready to safely operate a floatplane in a variety of conditions. Why Choose FLY8MA for Your Float Training? Experienced Instructors Our team of highly skilled instructors all have 5,000+ hours of flight time and bring years of floatplane and bush flying experience to your training. They’ll provide personalized coaching to ensure you’re confident and proficient. Stunning Training Environment With countless lakes, rivers, and pristine wilderness at your doorstep, the FLY8MA Pilot Lodge offers an unparalleled backdrop for your floatplane training. Training Aircraft We fly Super Cubs and a Citabria on straight floats. All-Inclusive Packages From accommodations to meals, our all-inclusive packages make it easy to focus on your training while enjoying the comfort and camaraderie of the FLY8MA Pilot Lodge. Click here to see housing options. Plan Your Alaskan Adventure Earning your float rating isn’t just about the certification—it’s about the adventure. At FLY8MA Pilot Lodge, you’ll create lifelong memories while gaining valuable flying skills. Explore the vast wilderness, watch wildlife, and experience the thrill of landing on Alaska’s pristine waters. Ready to Get Started? Contact us today to learn more about our floatplane training programs and book your spot at the FLY8MA Pilot Lodge. Your Alaskan adventure awaits! 907-268-3100 or cfi@fly8ma.com

Airline Transport Pilot

Leave a Comment / Commercial Pilot / By Jon Kotwicki

What is an Airline Transport Pilot? The Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) certificate is the pinnacle of pilot certification in the United States, granting its holders the authority to act as pilot-in-command (PIC) of scheduled airline operations and cargo flights. This certification is governed by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and is a testament to a pilot’s experience, skill, and knowledge. Airline Transport Pilot Requirements Be at least 21 years of age (see R-ATP below) or 23 years of age, depending on the aeronautical experience requirements met. Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language. Be of good moral character. Hold a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating, a foreign airline transport pilot license with instrument privileges, or a foreign commercial pilot license with an instrument rating. Must hold a 1st-class medical certificate Complete an approved ATP Certification Training Program (CTP). This requirement is only valid if you are seeking the ATP certificate with a multi-engine rating. The ATP single-engine rating does not require the completion of an ATP CTP program. Pass a pilot knowledge test with a score of 70% or higher. The ATP multi-engine airplane test (ATM) consists of 130 multiple-choice questions while the ATP single-engine airplane test (ATS) consists of 95 questions. Meet the aeronautical experience requirements that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test. Pass the practical test that applies to the aircraft category and class rating sought. Aeronautical experience requirements (ATP) (R-ATP) a person who is applying for an airline transport pilot certificate with an airplane category and class rating must have at least 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot that includes at least: 500 hours of cross-country flight time. 100 hours of night flight time. 50 hours of flight time in the class of airplane for the rating sought. A maximum of 25 hours of training in a full flight simulator representing the class of airplane for the rating sought may be credited toward the flight time requirement if the training was accomplished as part of an approved training course. A flight training device or aviation training device may not be used to satisfy this requirement. 75 hours of instrument flight time, in actual or simulated instrument conditions, subject to the following: An applicant may not receive credit for more than a total of 25 hours of simulated instrument time in a full flight simulator or flight training device. A maximum of 50 hours of training in a full flight simulator or flight training device may be credited toward the instrument flight time requirements if the training was accomplished in a course conducted by a training center. Training in a full flight simulator or flight training device must be accomplished in a full flight simulator or flight training device, representing an airplane. 250 hours of flight time in an airplane as a pilot in command, or as second in command performing the duties of pilot in command while under the supervision of a pilot in command, or any combination thereof, subject to the following: The flight time requirement must include at least— 100 hours of cross-country flight time; and 25 hours of night flight time. Except for a person who has been removed from flying status for lack of proficiency or because of a disciplinary action involving aircraft operations, a U.S. military pilot or former U.S. military pilot who meets the requirements, or a military pilot in the Armed Forces of a foreign contracting State to the Convention on International Civil Aviation who meets the requirements, may credit flight time in a powered-lift aircraft operated in horizontal flight toward the flight time requirement. Not more than 100 hours of total aeronautical experience may be obtained in a full flight simulator or flight training device provided the device represents an airplane and the aeronautical experience was accomplished as part of an approved training course. A person who has performed at least 20-night takeoffs and landings to a full stop may substitute each additional night takeoff and landing to a full stop for 1 hour of night flight time to satisfy the requirements; however, not more than 25 hours of night flight time may be credited in this manner. A commercial pilot may log second-in-command pilot time toward the aeronautical experience requirements, provided the pilot is employed by a part 119 certificate holder authorized to conduct operations under part 135 of this chapter and the second-in-command pilot time is obtained in operations conducted for the certificate holder under part 91 or 135 when a second pilot is not required under the type certification of the aircraft or the regulations under which the flight is being conducted, and the following requirements are met— The experience must be accomplished as part of a second-in-command professional development program; The flight operation must be conducted in accordance with the certificate holder’s operations specification for the second-in-command professional development program; The pilot in command of the operation must certify in the pilot’s logbook that the second-in-command pilot time was accomplished under this section; and The pilot time may not be logged as pilot-in-command time even when the pilot is the sole manipulator of the controls and may not be used to meet the aeronautical experience requirements. A commercial pilot may log the following flight engineer flight time toward the 1,500 hours of total time as a pilot: Flight-engineer time, provided the time— Is acquired in an airplane required to have a flight engineer by the airplane’s flight manual or type certificate Is acquired while engaged in operations under part 121 of this chapter for which a flight engineer is required Is acquired while the person is participating in a pilot training program approved under part 121 of this chapter; an Does not exceed more than 1 hour for every 3 hours of flight engineer flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours. Flight-engineer time, provided the flight time— Is acquired as a U.S. Armed Forces’ flight engineer crewmember in an airplane that requires a flight engineer crewmember by the flight manual; Is acquired while the person is participating in a flight engineer crewmember training program for the U.S. Armed Forces; and Does not exceed 1 hour for every 3 hours of flight engineer flight time for a total credited time of no more than 500 hours. R-ATP A restricted ATP (R-ATP) is a modification to the standard ATP requirements and

First-Class Medical Certificate

Leave a Comment / Commercial Pilot / By Jon Kotwicki

The rigorous First-Class Medical examination is mandated for those operating as commercial airline pilots or as pilots-in-command of certain aircraft and serves to assess an individual’s physical and mental fitness to undertake the responsibilities inherent in aviation. The FAA’s stringent criteria encompass a thorough evaluation of various health parameters, including cardiovascular health, vision, and psychological well-being. Beyond mere regulatory compliance, obtaining and maintaining a first-class medical certificate signifies a commitment to professional excellence and safety in aviation. Operations Requiring First-Class Medical Certificates Must hold a first-class medical certificate: When exercising the pilot-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate; When exercising the second-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate in a flag or supplemental operation in part 121 that requires three or more pilots; or When serving as a required pilot flightcrew member in an operation conducted under part 121 if the pilot has reached his or her 60th birthday. Duration of First Class Medical Certificate A first-class medical certificate is valid for a specified duration, depending on the age of the pilot: Under 40 years old: A first-class medical certificate is valid for 12 months, then to third-class privileges for 48 months 40 years old and over: A first-class medical certificate is valid for 6 months, then second-class privileges for an additional 6 months, and third-class privileges for another 12 months. Application Process For First Class Medical Certificate The application process for a third-class medical certificate involves several steps: MedXpress: Pilots are required to complete FAA Form 8500-8, also known as the Application for Airman Medical Certificate. This form collects personal and medical history information. You can complete this form online through the FAA’s MedXpress website. Locate an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME): Pilots must schedule an appointment with an FAA-designated Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to undergo the medical examination. The cost of the exam is not set by the FAA, so it may be anywhere from $280- $395 depending on where you live. Medical Examination: During the medical examination, the AME will assess various aspects of the pilot’s health, including vision, hearing, cardiovascular health, and overall fitness. Submission and Review: Once the examination is complete, the AME will submit the medical certificate application to the FAA for review. With you potentially leaving the doctor’s office with your medical certificate in hand barring any underlying medical issues. MedXpress The FAA MedXPress system allows anyone requiring an FAA Medical Clearance or Medical Certificate to electronically complete the FAA Form 8500-8. Information entered into MedXPress will be available for your FAA-designated Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to review at the time of your medical examination. First-Class Airman Medical Certificate Eligibility To be eligible for a first-class airman medical certificate, and to remain eligible for a first-class airman medical certificate, a person must meet the requirements of this subpart. Eye Eye standards for a first-class airman medical certificate are: Distant visual acuity of 20/20 or better in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. If corrective lenses (spectacles or contact lenses) are necessary for 20/20 vision, the person may be eligible only on the condition that corrective lenses are worn while exercising the privileges of an airman certificate. Near vision of 20/40 or better, Snellen equivalent, at 16 inches in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. If age 50 or older, near vision of 20/40 or better, Snellen equivalent, at both 16 inches and 32 inches in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. Ability to perceive those colors necessary for the safe performance of airman duties. Normal fields of vision. No acute or chronic pathological condition of either eye or adnexa that interferes with the proper function of an eye, that may reasonably be expected to progress to that degree, or that may reasonably be expected to be aggravated by flying. Bifoveal fixation and vergence-phoria relationship sufficient to prevent a break in fusion under conditions that may reasonably be expected to occur in performing airman duties. Tests for the factors named in this paragraph are not required except for persons found to have more than 1 prism diopter of hyperphoria, 6 prism diopters of esophoria, or 6 prism diopters of exophoria. If any of these values are exceeded, the Federal Air Surgeon may require the person to be examined by a qualified eye specialist to determine if there is bifoveal fixation and an adequate vergence-phoria relationship. However, if otherwise eligible, the person is issued a medical certificate pending the results of the examination. Ear, nose, throat, and equilibrium Ear, nose, throat, and equilibrium standards for a first-class airman medical certificate are: The person shall demonstrate acceptable hearing by at least one of the following tests: Demonstrate an ability to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room, using both ears, at a distance of 6 feet from the examiner, with the back turned to the examiner. Demonstrate an acceptable understanding of speech as determined by audiometric speech discrimination testing to a score of at least 70 percent obtained in one ear or in a sound field environment. Provide acceptable results of pure tone audiometric testing of unaided hearing acuity according to the following table of worst acceptable thresholds, using the calibration standards of the American National Standards Institute, 1969: Frequency (Hz) 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 3000 Hz Better ear (Db) 35 30 30 40 Poorer ear (Db) 35 50 50 60 No disease or condition of the middle or internal ear, nose, oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx that— Interferes with, or is aggravated by, flying or may reasonably be expected to do so; or Interferes with, or may reasonably be expected to interfere with clear and effective speech communication. No disease or condition manifested by or that may reasonably be expected to be manifested by, vertigo or a disturbance of equilibrium. Mental Mental standards for a first-class airman medical certificate are: No established medical history or clinical diagnosis of any of the following: A personality disorder that is severe enough to have repeatedly

Third-Class Medical Certificate

Leave a Comment / Private Pilot / By Jon Kotwicki

A third-class medical certificate, commonly referred to as a third-class medical, is a certification issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to pilots in the United States. This medical certificate is specifically designed for pilots who operate aircraft under certain conditions, such as for recreational flying, flight instruction, or pursuing a private pilot license (PPL). The third-class medical certificate ensures that the pilot meets the minimum medical standards necessary for safe flight operations. It assesses various aspects of the pilot’s health, including vision, hearing, cardiovascular health, general physical condition, and mental fitness. Pilots must undergo a medical examination by an FAA-approved Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to obtain this certification. The third-class medical certificate is a requirement for pilots seeking a private pilot license (PPL) or operating certain types of aircraft for non-commercial purposes. It serves as a crucial component of ensuring aviation safety by confirming that pilots are physically and mentally fit to operate aircraft responsibly. Operations Requiring Third-Class Medical When exercising the privileges of a private pilot certificate, recreational pilot certificate, or student pilot certificate, except when operating under the conditions and limitations. When exercising the privileges of a flight instructor certificate and acting as the pilot in command or as a required flightcrew member. When taking a practical test in an aircraft for a recreational pilot, private pilot, commercial pilot, or airline transport pilot certificate, or for a flight instructor certificate. When performing the duties as an Examiner in an aircraft when administering a practical test or proficiency check for an airman certificate, rating, or authorization. Duration of Third Class Medical Certificate A third-class medical certificate is valid for a specified duration, depending on the age of the pilot: Under 40 years old: A third-class medical certificate is valid for 60 months. 40 years old and over: A third-class medical certificate is valid for 24 months. Application Process The application process for a third-class medical certificate involves several steps: MedXpress: Pilots are required to complete FAA Form 8500-8, also known as the Application for Airman Medical Certificate. This form collects personal and medical history information. You can complete this form online through the FAA’s MedXpress website. Locate an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME): Pilots must schedule an appointment with an FAA-designated Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to undergo the medical examination. The cost of the exam is not set by the FAA, so it may be anywhere from $75-$200 depending on where you live. Medical Examination: During the medical examination, the AME will assess various aspects of the pilot’s health, including vision, hearing, cardiovascular health, and overall fitness. Submission and Review: Once the examination is complete, the AME will submit the medical certificate application to the FAA for review. With you potentially leaving the doctor’s office with your medical certificate in hand barring any underlying medical issues. MedXpress The FAA MedXPress system allows anyone requiring an FAA Medical Clearance or Medical Certificate to electronically complete the FAA Form 8500-8. Information entered into MedXPress will be available for your FAA-designated Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to review at the time of your medical examination. Third-Class Medical Requirments To be eligible for a third-class airman medical certificate, or to remain eligible for a third-class airman medical certificate, a person must meet the requirements. Eye Eye standards for a third-class airman medical certificate are: Distant visual acuity of 20/40 or better in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. If corrective lenses (spectacles or contact lenses) are necessary for 20/40 vision, the person may be eligible only on the condition that corrective lenses are worn while exercising the privileges of an airman certificate. Near vision of 20/40 or better, Snellen equivalent, at 16 inches in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. Ability to perceive those colors necessary for the safe performance of airman duties. No acute or chronic pathological condition of either eye or adnexa that interferes with the proper function of an eye, that may reasonably be expected to progress to that degree, or that may reasonably be expected to be aggravated by flying. Ear, nose, throat, and equilibrium Ear, nose, throat, and equilibrium standards for a third-class airman medical certificate are: The person shall demonstrate acceptable hearing by at least one of the following tests: Demonstrate an ability to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room, using both ears, at a distance of 6 feet from the examiner, with the back turned to the examiner. Demonstrate an acceptable understanding of speech as determined by audiometric speech discrimination testing to a score of at least 70 percent obtained in one ear or in a sound field environment. Provide acceptable results of pure tone audiometric testing of unaided hearing acuity according to the following table of worst acceptable thresholds, using the calibration standards of the American National Standards Institute, 1969: Frequency (Hz) 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 3000 Hz Better ear (Db) 35 30 30 40 Poorer ear (Db) 35 50 50 60 No disease or condition of the middle or internal ear, nose, oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx that— Interferes with, or is aggravated by, flying or may reasonably be expected to do so; or Interferes with clear and effective speech communication. No disease or condition manifested by, or that may reasonably be expected to be manifested by, vertigo or a disturbance of equilibrium. Mental Mental standards for a third-class airman medical certificate are: No established medical history or clinical diagnosis of any of the following: A personality disorder that is severe enough to have repeatedly manifested itself by overt acts. A psychosis. As used in this section, “psychosis” refers to a mental disorder in which— The individual has manifested delusions, hallucinations, grossly bizarre or disorganized behavior, or other commonly accepted symptoms of this condition; or2. The individual may reasonably be expected to manifest delusions, hallucinations, grossly bizarre or disorganized behavior, or other commonly accepted symptoms of this condition. A bipolar disorder. Substance dependence, except where there is established clinical evidence, satisfactory to the Federal Air Surgeon, of recovery, including sustained total abstinence from the substance(s) for not less than

Second-Class Medical Certificate

Leave a Comment / Commercial Pilot / By Jon Kotwicki

Before delving into the specifics of Second-Class Medicals, let’s understand the broader context of medical certification in aviation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandates that pilots possess a valid medical certificate to act as pilot-in-command (PIC) of an aircraft. The issuance of medical certificates ensures that pilots are fit to fly, promoting aviation safety. Among these certifications, the 2nd Class Medical holds a significant place, granting certain privileges to pilots while ensuring their health meets specific standards. Operations Requiring Second-Class Medical The privileges associated with a second-class medical certificate are broader compared to a third-class medical. Second-in-command privileges of an airline transport pilot certificate Privileges of a commercial pilot certificate in an aircraft other than a balloon or glider; or Privileges of a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon class rating for compensation or hire; or Duration of Second-Class Medical One of the key differences between Second and Third Class Medicals lies in their duration of validity. A second-class medical certificate is valid for a specified duration, depending on the age of the pilot: Under 40 years old: You may exercise commercial privileges for 12 months then your privileges revert down to third-class privileges for 48 months. 40 years old and over: A second-class medical certificate is valid for 12 months then your privileges revert down to third-class privileges for 12 additional months. Application Process The application process for a second-class medical certificate involves several steps: MedXpress: Pilots are required to complete FAA Form 8500-8, also known as the Application for Airman Medical Certificate. This form collects personal and medical history information. You can complete this form online through the FAA’s MedXpress website. Locate an Aviation Medical Examiner (AME): Pilots must schedule an appointment with an FAA-designated Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to undergo the medical examination. The cost of the exam is not set by the FAA, so it may be anywhere from $175-$250 depending on where you live. Medical Examination: During the medical examination, the AME will assess various aspects of the pilot’s health, including vision, hearing, cardiovascular health, and overall fitness. Submission and Review: Once the examination is complete, the AME will submit the medical certificate application to the FAA for review. With you potentially leaving the doctor’s office with your medical certificate in hand barring any underlying medical issues. MedXpress The FAA MedXPress system allows anyone requiring an FAA Medical Clearance or Medical Certificate to electronically complete the FAA Form 8500-8. Information entered into MedXPress will be available for your FAA-designated Aviation Medical Examiner (AME) to review at the time of your medical examination. Second-Class Airman Medical Certificate Eligibility To be eligible for a second-class airman medical certificate, and to remain eligible for a second-class airman medical certificate, a person must meet these requirements. Eye Eye standards for a second-class airman medical certificate are: Distant visual acuity of 20/20 or better in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. If corrective lenses (spectacles or contact lenses) are necessary for 20/20 vision, the person may be eligible only on the condition that corrective lenses are worn while exercising the privileges of an airman certificate. Near vision of 20/40 or better, Snellen equivalent, at 16 inches in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. If age 50 or older, near vision of 20/40 or better, Snellen equivalent, at both 16 inches and 32 inches in each eye separately, with or without corrective lenses. Ability to perceive those colors necessary for the safe performance of airman duties. Normal fields of vision. No acute or chronic pathological condition of either eye or adnexa that interferes with the proper function of an eye, that may reasonably be expected to progress to that degree, or that may reasonably be expected to be aggravated by flying. Bifoveal fixation and vergence-phoria relationship sufficient to prevent a break in fusion under conditions that may reasonably be expected to occur in performing airman duties. Tests for the factors named in this paragraph are not required except for persons found to have more than 1 prism diopter of hyperphoria, 6 prism diopters of esophoria, or 6 prism diopters of exophoria. If any of these values are exceeded, the Federal Air Surgeon may require the person to be examined by a qualified eye specialist to determine if there is bifoveal fixation and an adequate vergence-phoria relationship. However, if otherwise eligible, the person is issued a medical certificate pending the results of the examination. Ear, nose, throat, and equilibrium Ear, nose, throat, and equilibrium standards for a second-class airman medical certificate are: The person shall demonstrate acceptable hearing by at least one of the following tests: Demonstrate an ability to hear an average conversational voice in a quiet room, using both ears, at a distance of 6 feet from the examiner, with the back turned to the examiner. Demonstrate an acceptable understanding of speech as determined by audiometric speech discrimination testing to a score of at least 70 percent obtained in one ear or in a sound field environment. Provide acceptable results of pure tone audiometric testing of unaided hearing acuity according to the following table of worst acceptable thresholds, using the calibration standards of the American National Standards Institute, 1969: Frequency (Hz) 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz 3000 Hz Better ear (Db) 35 30 30 40 Poorer ear (Db) 35 50 50 60 No disease or condition of the middle or internal ear, nose, oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx that— Interferes with, or is aggravated by, flying or may reasonably be expected to do so; or Interferes with, or may reasonably be expected to interfere with, clear and effective speech communication. No disease or condition manifested by, or that may reasonably be expected to be manifested by, vertigo or a disturbance of equilibrium. Mental Mental standards for a second-class airman medical certificate are: No established medical history or clinical diagnosis of any of the following: A personality disorder that is severe enough to have repeatedly manifested itself by overt acts. A psychosis. As used in this section, “psychosis” refers to a mental disorder

BasicMed: Requirements and Limitations

1 Comment / Private Pilot / By Jon Kotwicki

One crucial aspect of aviation safety is the medical fitness of pilots. For decades, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandated that pilots hold a valid medical certificate to fly. However, in 2017, a new alternative emerged – BasicMed. Since its inception, nearly 80,000 pilots have been qualified to fly safely under BasicMed. BasicMed privileges are authorized by the following countries: United States, Mexico, The Bahamas, The Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. Here is how you can join them. Understanding BasicMed BasicMed is an alternative pathway for pilots to demonstrate their medical fitness to fly aircraft. It was introduced as a result of the FAA Extension, Safety, and Security Act of 2016. The aim was to reduce the regulatory burden on pilots while maintaining safety standards. Requirements To qualify for BasicMed, pilots must meet certain criteria: Pilot Qualifications: Pilots must hold a valid U.S. driver’s license and have held a medical certificate issued by the FAA at any point after July 14, 2006. Medical Examination: Pilots must undergo a medical examination conducted by a state-licensed physician every 48 months. During the examination, the physician will assess the pilot’s overall health and determine their fitness to fly. Online Course: An FAA-approved online medical education course is required to be completed by pilots every 24 calendar months. This course covers various topics such as aeromedical factors, medications, and health maintenance for pilots. Documentation Submission: After completing the medical examination and online course, pilots must retain the required documentation for their records. This includes the Comprehensive Medical Examination Checklist and the Course Completion Certificate from the online course. Pilot Self-Assessment: Pilots must conduct a self-assessment of their fitness to fly before each flight. This assessment involves evaluating factors such as recent illnesses, medications, and overall physical condition. Limitations You may conduct any operation that you would otherwise be able to conduct with a pilot certificate and a third-class medical with certain limitations. Aircraft Eligibility: Pilots operating under BasicMed can fly aircraft with a maximum certificated takeoff weight of up to 6,000 pounds. Passengers: Carrying no more than five passengers. Non-Commercial Operations: BasicMed privileges do not allow to fly for compensation or hire. Visual Flight Rules (VFR) & Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Operations: BasicMed allows pilots to fly VFR & IFR, subject to appropriate ratings and currency requirements, within the United States, at or below 18,000ft MSL, and not exceeding 250knots. Comprehensive Medical Examination You must have a comprehensive medical checklist that shows your most recent physical examination was within the past 48 months. The chart below overviews what is examined during your visit with your medical provider and is a brief outline of FAA form 8700. Medical Examination Checklist 1. Head, face, neck and scalp 2. Nose, sinuses, mouth, and throat 3. Ears, general: (Internal and external (canals) and eardrums (perforation) 4. Eyes (general), ophthalmoscopic, pupils, (equality and reaction), and ocular motility (associated parallel movement, nystagmus) 5. Lungs and chest: (Not including breast examination) 6. Heart: (precordial activity, rhythm, sounds, and murmurs 7. Vascular system: (pulse, amplitude, and character and arms, legs, and others) 8. Abdomen and viscera: (including hernia) 9. Anus: (not including digital examination) 10. Skin 11. G-U system: (not including pelvic examination) 12. Upper and lower extremities: (strength and range of motion) 13. Spine and other musculoskeletal 14. Identifying body marks, scars, and tattoos (size and location) 15. Lymphatics 16. Neurologic: (tendon reflexes, equilibrium, senses, cranial nerves, coordination, etc.) 17. Psychiatric: (appearance, behavior, mood, communication, and memory) 18. General systemic 19. Hearing 20. Vision: (distant, near, and intermediate vision, field of vision, color vision, and ocular alignment) 21. Blood pressure and pulse 22. Anything else the physician, in his or her medical judgment, considers necessary All medical conditions that may affect the safety of flight must be explained on said form. When they occurred, the severity, how it was treated, and if you are currently taking any medication or having treatment for the condition or have to see a physician. Medical History A. Frequent or severe headaches B. Dizziness or fainting spell C. Unconsciousness for any reason D. Eye or vision trouble (except for glasses) E. Hay fever or allergy F. Asthma or lung disease G. Heart or vascular trouble H. High or low blood pressure I. Stomach, liver, or intestinal trouble J. Kidney stone or blood in urine K. Diabetes L. Neurological disorders (epilepsy, seizures, stroke, paralysis, etc.) FAA-Approved Online Medical Education Course Once you have completed your medical examination with your physician you will need to register for the free online education course. There are two different courses available to you. Once you have completed all the modules you will need to take a short quiz, print the completion certificate, and place it with the completed physical examination checklist in your logbook. Mayo Clinic BasicMed Online Training Course AOPA‘s BasicMed Medical Self-Assessment: A Pilot’s Guide to Flying Healthy BasicMed has provided a welcome alternative for pilots seeking to maintain their medical certification without the traditional FAA medical examination. By adhering to the requirements outlined by BasicMed, pilots can continue to pursue their passion for flying while ensuring the safety of themselves and others. However, pilots need to stay informed about any updates or changes to BasicMed regulations to remain compliant and uphold the highest standards of aviation safety.

Understanding V-Speeds

Leave a Comment / Flight Training / By Jon Kotwicki

What are V-speeds? In the realm of aviation, safety is paramount. Pilots, engineers, and enthusiasts alike rely on standardized metrics to ensure safe and efficient flight operations. One such crucial set of parameters is V-speeds. These velocities, prefixed with ‘V’, denote various critical airspeeds throughout different phases of flight. Understanding these speeds is fundamental for pilots to maneuver aircraft safely and effectively. Each V-speed serves a specific purpose, aiding pilots in maintaining control, optimizing performance, and preventing potential hazards. Let’s explore how these different V-speeds apply to aviation: The Foundation of V-Speeds: Explanation of V-Speeds Concept: At the core of aviation safety lies the concept of V-speeds, which represent specific airspeeds crucial for the safe operation of aircraft. These speeds are standardized to facilitate consistent communication and understanding among pilots, air traffic controllers, and aircraft manufacturers. Importance of V-Speeds in Aviation Safety: V-speeds play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of flight operations. By adhering to these predetermined speeds, pilots can navigate through different flight phases with precision, minimizing the risk of stalling, structural damage, or other adverse events. Historical Development and Standardization Process: The evolution of V-speeds traces back to the early days of aviation, where pilots relied on empirical data and experience to determine safe operating limits. Over time, advancements in technology and regulatory frameworks led to the standardization of V-speeds, providing a universal framework for aviation safety. Critical V-Speeds for Takeoff: V1: Maximum Speed for Decision-Making: V1 marks the critical juncture during takeoff, where the pilot must decide whether to continue with the takeoff or abort the maneuver in the event of an engine failure or other emergencies. VR: Rotation Speed: VR signifies the speed at which the pilot initiates the rotation of the aircraft, transitioning it from ground roll to a positive climb attitude. V2: Takeoff Safety Speed: V2 represents the minimum speed required to achieve a safe climb gradient in the event of an engine failure after V1. V2min: Minimum Takeoff Safety Speed: V2min denotes the lowest permissible takeoff safety speed under specified conditions, ensuring adequate performance margins during critical phases of flight. VEF: Engine Failure Speed During Takeoff: VEF corresponds to the speed at which an engine failure is assumed to occur during the takeoff roll, influencing the pilot’s decision-making process. VLOF: Lift-Off Speed: VLOF indicates the speed at which the aircraft becomes airborne, transitioning from ground contact to sustained flight. V-Speeds for Climb and Cruise: VX: Best Angle of Climb Speed: VX represents the airspeed at which the aircraft achieves the maximum altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance traveled, optimizing climb performance in obstacle-clearance scenarios. VY: Best Rate of Climb Speed: VY denotes the airspeed at which the aircraft achieves the maximum altitude gain per unit of time, ideal for expedited ascent during climb-out. VH: Maximum Level Flight Speed: VH signifies the maximum speed at which the aircraft can be safely flown in level flight with maximum continuous power, ensuring structural integrity and stability. VC: Design Cruising Speed: VC serves as the designated cruising speed for the aircraft, balancing fuel efficiency, performance, and comfort during sustained flight operations. VNO: Maximum Structural Cruising Speed: VNO represents the maximum permissible cruising speed for the aircraft’s structural integrity, guarding against aerodynamic stresses and structural fatigue. VMO/MMO: Maximum Operating Limit Speed: VMO and MMO denote the maximum indicated airspeed and Mach number, respectively, at which the aircraft can be safely operated within specified limits. Maneuvering and Stability V-Speeds: VA: Design Maneuvering Speed: VA defines the maximum speed at which full control deflection can be applied without exceeding the aircraft’s structural limits, ensuring maneuverability and stability in turbulent conditions. VB: Design Speed for Maximum Gust Intensity: VB represents the maximum speed at which the aircraft can safely endure gust-induced loads, safeguarding against structural overstress during turbulent encounters. VFC/MFC: Maximum Speed for Stability Characteristics: VFC and MFC denote the maximum permissible speed at which the aircraft exhibits acceptable stability and control characteristics, maintaining controllability across varying flight regimes. VSW: Stall Warning Onset Speed: VSW signifies the airspeed at which the onset of natural or artificial stall warning occurs, providing critical feedback to the pilot regarding impending aerodynamic stall conditions. VG: Best Glide Speed: VG represents the airspeed at which the aircraft achieves the maximum glide distance for a given altitude, enabling pilots to safely navigate emergencies such as engine failure. Landing and Approach V-Speeds: VREF: Reference Landing Speed: VREF serves as the reference airspeed for approach and landing, accounting for factors such as aircraft configuration, weight, and environmental conditions to ensure precise touchdown and rollout. VLE: Maximum Landing Gear Extended Speed: VLE denotes the maximum permissible airspeed at which the landing gear can be extended or remain extended, safeguarding against structural damage or malfunction during landing gear operation. VLO: Maximum Landing Gear Operating Speed: VLO represents the maximum airspeed at which the landing gear can be safely operated, encompassing both extension and retraction maneuvers to maintain landing gear integrity. VSO: Stall Speed in Landing Configuration: VSO signifies the minimum airspeed at which the aircraft can maintain controlled flight in the landing configuration, ensuring safe approach and landing maneuvers. VTOSS: Takeoff Safety Speed for Category A Aircraft: VTOSS denotes the minimum speed required for a category A aircraft to safely initiate takeoff, considering factors such as aircraft weight, configuration, and environmental conditions. Stall-Related V-Speeds: VS: Stalling Speed or Minimum Steady Flight Speed: VS represents the minimum steady flight speed at which the aircraft can maintain controlled flight without stalling, serving as a fundamental reference for flight envelope protection. VS1: Stalling Speed in Specific Configuration: VS1 denotes the stalling speed in a specific configuration, accounting for factors such as aircraft weight, configuration, and center of gravity to determine critical flight envelope boundaries. VSR: Reference Stall Speed: VSR signifies the reference stall speed for the aircraft, providing standardized data for aerodynamic performance and flight envelope limitations. VSRO: Reference Stall Speed in Landing Configuration: VSRO denotes the reference stall speed in the landing configuration, guiding pilots in maintaining

Seaplane Rating

2 Comments / Flight Training / By Jon Kotwicki

Embarking on the journey of receiving your seaplane rating, unveils a realm of adventure and skill unique to aviation. From the serene beauty of water landings to the thrill of exploring remote wilderness areas, mastering seaplanes requires specialized training, rating/endorsement, and a deep understanding of the intricacies involved. Seaplane Rating Seaplanes embody the epitome of versatility in aviation. However, piloting these aerial watercraft necessitates a specialized qualification—a rating distinct from traditional land-based aircraft ratings. The seaplane rating signifies that the pilot has undergone specific training and demonstrated proficiency in operating an aircraft equipped with floats, the buoyant structures that replace conventional landing gear. Most students receive their SES (single engine sea) rating in approximately 6-10hrs and the course may cost anywhere between $2,100-2,800. Requirements Before aspiring pilots embark on the journey to obtain a seaplane rating, they must first hold a valid private pilot license or higher. This prerequisite ensures that pilots have a solid foundation in aviation fundamentals before venturing into the realm of seaplanes, where water becomes their runway. The Process The path to obtaining a seaplane rating entails a meticulously crafted blend of ground instruction and flight training. Ground instruction lays the theoretical groundwork, covering essential topics such as the aerodynamics of float-equipped aircraft, water operations, weather considerations, and emergency procedures. This knowledge serves as the compass guiding pilots through the intricacies of operating in a dynamic aquatic environment. Flight training, conducted under the guidance of a certified flight instructor with expertise in float plane operations, forms the cornerstone of proficiency. Training sessions encompass a spectrum of maneuvers tailored to waterborne flight, including taxiing, takeoffs, landings, and navigation on water surfaces. Pilots learn to navigate various water conditions, mastering techniques for glassy water landings and developing proficiency in docking and mooring procedures. Seaplane Endorsement The freedom of flying seaplanes can also be enjoyed by those who fly Light Sport Aircraft (LSA), but the process is slightly different. The requirement for a checkride from an FAA-designated examiner is not needed for the sport pilot endorsement, making it less expensive to obtain. An SES rating is not required to fly an LSA seaplane as a pilot in command. Instead, all that is required is a logbook endorsement from a certified flight instructor. This endorsement is based on the completion of ground and flight instruction that mirrors that of the SES rating, along with a proficiency check conducted by another authorized instructor. Skills and Abilities: Flying a seaplane demands a nuanced skill set, distinct from its land-based counterparts. Pilots must possess exceptional situational awareness, as water surfaces present ever-changing conditions influenced by factors such as wind, currents, and waves. Precise control inputs and throttle management are crucial for executing smooth water landings and takeoffs, where even minor deviations can have profound effects on aircraft performance. Furthermore, seaplane pilots must be adept at assessing water conditions and selecting suitable landing sites. They should understand the effects of weight distribution on float performance and be capable of adjusting trim settings accordingly to achieve optimal handling characteristics. Proficiency in seaplane-specific maneuvers, such as step-taxiing and crosswind takeoffs, enhances the pilot’s ability to navigate diverse operating environments with finesse and precision. Flying Seaplanes in a Professional Setting: Pilots who already hold their commercial pilot license and are seeking out their commercial single-engine sea rating now unlock a myriad of professional opportunities in float plane operations, spanning commercial ventures and humanitarian missions alike. In commercial settings, seaplane pilots may find employment with charter companies, scenic flight operators, or fly-in lodges, ferrying passengers and cargo to remote destinations inaccessible by conventional aircraft. These roles demand not only piloting skills but also excellent communication and customer service abilities, as pilots often serve as ambassadors for their companies, showcasing the allure of aerial exploration. In wilderness areas, seaplanes serve as lifelines, bridging the gap between civilization and remote communities nestled amidst rugged terrain. Pilots operating in these regions undertake missions ranging from delivering essential supplies and medical assistance to conducting aerial surveys and wildlife conservation efforts. Their prowess in bush-flying—navigating tight spaces and executing off-airport landings—becomes invaluable in reaching destinations beyond the reach of traditional transportation networks. Safety Considerations: During seaplane operations safety reigns supreme, underpinning every aspect of flight planning and execution. Pilots should conduct thorough pre-flight inspections, meticulously scrutinizing the condition of floats, hull integrity, and water rudder functionality. Additionally, maintaining proficiency through recurrent training and staying abreast of industry best practices enhances safety margins, ensuring that each flight unfolds with the utmost care and caution. Mastering seaplanes transcends mere piloting—it embodies a fusion of skill, artistry, and reverence for the elements. The process of obtaining a float plane rating equips pilots with the expertise needed to navigate the skies and waters with confidence and finesse. Whether soaring above pristine lakes or venturing into remote wilderness realms, seaplane pilots embody the spirit of exploration and adventure, forging connections and unraveling mysteries in the boundless expanse of the skies and waters.

The Cirrus SR-22: A Beacon of Excellence

Leave a Comment / Airplanes / By Jon Kotwicki

Cirrus SR-22 The Cirrus SR-22 stands tall as a beacon of excellence in the realm of aviation. Renowned for its cutting-edge features, safety innovations, and superior performance, the SR-22 represents a pinnacle in aircraft engineering. Let’s delve into the features that make this aircraft a favorite among pilots worldwide. SR22T SR22 Horsepower 315hp 310hp Max Cruise Speed 213ktas 181ktas Max Operating Altitude 25,000ft 17,500ft Max Range (55% power) 1,021nm 1,1692nm Useful Load 1,246lbs 1,326lbs Cirrus SR-22 in Flight Training: The Cirrus SR-22 plays a crucial role in flight training, serving as an ideal platform for aspiring pilots to hone their skills and pursue their dreams of aviation. With its intuitive flight characteristics and advanced avionics, the SR-22 offers a seamless transition from basic flight training to more complex operations. Whether aspiring to become a private pilot or pursuing instrument flight rules (IFR) certification, students benefit from the SR-22’s versatility and performance, preparing them for success in both VFR and IFR environments. If you have recently purchased a Cirrus SR-22 you are going to want to get some training in your aircraft. Modern Aero located in NorthEast Florida is the premier Cirrus flight training school. Cirrus Technology: At the heart of the Cirrus SR-22 lies a blend of state-of-the-art technology and meticulous craftsmanship. Boasting a sleek, composite airframe, the SR-22 exudes both elegance and durability. Its advanced avionics suite, including the Garmin Perspective+ flight deck, empowers pilots with unparalleled situational awareness and precision control. With features such as Synthetic Vision Technology (SVT) and Terrain Awareness and Warning System (TAWS), the SR-22 ensures a safe and confident flying experience, whether navigating through clear skies or challenging weather conditions. Cirrus SR-22 Performance: Performance is where the Cirrus SR-22 truly shines. Equipped with a powerful Continental IO-550-N engine, the SR-22 delivers impressive speed and agility, effortlessly cruising through the skies at speeds of up to 215 knots. Its superior fuel efficiency not only reduces operational costs but also extends the range, allowing pilots to explore distant destinations without compromise. With a climb rate of over 1,200 feet per minute, the SR-22 ascends swiftly to cruising altitude, minimizing time en route and maximizing productivity. Safety Features: Safety is paramount in aviation, and the Cirrus SR-22 sets the standard in this regard. The aircraft’s innovative safety features, including the Cirrus Airframe Parachute System (CAPS), provide an added layer of reassurance for pilots and passengers alike. In the event of an emergency, CAPS can be deployed to safely lower the entire aircraft to the ground, mitigating the risks associated with in-flight emergencies. Additionally, the SR-22’s advanced autopilot system enhances safety by reducing pilot workload and maintaining precise control throughout every phase of flight. Cirrus Aircraft has long been synonymous with innovation and excellence in the aviation industry. The SR-22 exemplifies Cirrus’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in aircraft design and technology. With a focus on safety, performance, and pilot experience, Cirrus continues to revolutionize the way we fly, inspiring a new generation of aviators to reach for the skies. The Cirrus SR-22 stands as a testament to the ingenuity and passion driving the aviation industry forward. From its state-of-the-art technology to its unwavering commitment to safety, the SR-22 embodies the pinnacle of aircraft engineering. Whether used for flight training, private pilot endeavors, or instrument flight rules operations, the SR-22 continues to captivate pilots and enthusiasts around the globe. As we look to the future of aviation, one thing remains certain: the Cirrus SR-22 will continue to soar as a symbol of excellence in the skies above.